Bring Summer Reading.
T/Q/A:  Be ready to discuss the summer reading.  Here are some questions to get you ready for the
class discussion.  Make sure that you can provide textual evidence in support of your opinion:
-What is the issue of this play? 
-For More, was it a legal congruity even to death, consistency with others, faithfulness to one's own principles, obedience to laws, or what?
-How do the characters treat the issue of morality, especially in politics, in their conversations and through their actions?
-What is More's real problem with William Roper?
-How effective is More's speech in the Commons "trial"? Remember it is here that he chose to break his silence and "discharge my mind concerning my indictment and the king's title" (159-160).
-What is the significance of the title?
-Why don't we moderns value a person's words to the same extent or do we? A verbal contract can still be legally binding. How do we value a person's worth?
-Are their forces that the hero cannot master in this play or is it all in one's hands?!
-"Every man has his price." (4)  What is the context & content of this quote?!  What do you think about the quote?
-What is the role of law in this book? Justice?  How do Cromwell and More differ in their view and use of law?
-Is More a wise fool or a foolish wise man?
-What is the role of the 'common man'?  Who is the 'common man'?

Read:  F&K 108-110 , 112-4, 134 (Olympic Games)
T/Q/A:  -What were Greek values and how were they passed on to generations?
-Compare Greek values and those possessed by Sir Thomas More in A Man For All Seasons.
-How did the Olympic Games and the arts demonstrate the Greek emphasis on the individual? (W)
-Why are the Greek values made Greece the cradle of Western Civilization? (W)
-Show links between economic prosperity and political and social changes in the Greek city-states.
-As various forms of governments evolved around 500 BC, democracy was one of several choices.  What was the democracy of an ancient Greek polis?  What arguments might a citizen of an ancient Greek polis present in or against changing citizenship requirements? (W)

Read:  F&K 117, 118 (Athenian Democracy)-119, 122-4
T/Q/A: Ostracism, General Pericles
-Were the reasons the Anthenians gave for choosing government officials by lottery good ones? Why or why not? (W)
-Discuss the criteria for good citizenship in Athens (consider both men and women).
-How did Athenian education fit the Athenian democracy?
-Evaluate the rule of Pericles:  was it a "golden age" for Athens and its people as the text suggests?  Why or why not? (W)
-What do you think put an end to democracy in Athens? (Be Specific!)  Could Athen's fate repeat in the modern days? (W)

Read:  F&K 135-7 (until Writers of History), groups handouts
T/Q/A: Sophists (W)
-Why do you think the Athenians found Socrates' teachings threatening? (W)
-Compare and contrast the philosophies of Socrates and Plato. (W)
-Compare and contrast political philosophies of Aristotle and Plato, as well as observations made through the senses.
-What are Aristotle's contributions to development of scientific thought? (W)

Read:  F&K 130-134, R1
T/Q:     Classical, Perspective, "the Golden Mean"/Parthenon (W), Tragedy--  
             Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides
-How did the Greek drama reveal Greek values? (W)

Read:  F&K 137-8, 144 (Hellenistic Philosophers), group handouts
T/Q/A: Cynicism, Epicureanism, Stoicism (W)
-What warned Hippocrates his title as "the father of medicine"? (W)

Read:  F&K 156-7(until Religion), 158 (Family), 161-3, 175-6, 178 (End of the Western Empire).
T/Q/A: The 12 Tablets, Plebeians, Patricians, "crossing the Rubicon"
-Describe the structure of the Roman Republic's government. (W)
-Did the political struggle between patricians and plebeians strengthen or weaken the Roman Republic?  Provide examples from the text to support your case. (W)
-Compare the women's position in Rome and in Ancient Greece.
-What brought the Roman Republic to an end?  Be Specific (use examples)! (W)
-How did warfare create the Roman Empire and later destroy its western half? (W)

Read:  R6-R7; F&K 170 (from "Roman scientists also.."), 172-4, 246-7; handout
T/Q/A: Ptolemy; Justinian Code (W); St. Paul
-What do you understand by the statement that the Greeks were the thinkers, while the Romans were the Doers? (W)
-List some of the ways in which Christianity diverged from Judaism to become a distinct religion? (W)
-Describe the structure of the Christian Church at its foundation.
-What are the ways in which the Byzantine Empire rose to power? (W)

Read:  F&K 303-4, 306-7, handout "St. Augustine.  The City of God"
T/Q/A:  Sacraments, Lay Investiture
-The goal of the medieval Church was to unify western Europe in accordance with the teachings and beliefs of Christianity.  Does the Catholic Church play the same role today in the Western world?  What factors tend to create uniformity in the United States today? (W)
-Show the reforms made by the Catholic Church that affected the development of medieval Europe. (W)
-Analyze the relationship between Jews in Christians in medieval Europe.
Questions for the Handout:
-According to St. Augustine, what was the origin of the unity of the human race?  What was the origin of human sinfulness?
-Describe Augustine's conception of the two cities - the City of God and the City of Man - and the radical implications of this teaching in shaping Christian culture. (W)

Read:  F&K 298-9, 301-2, 312 (Emperor and Pope Collide); handout "A Treatise on Royal and Papal Power"
T/Q/A: Feudalism (W), Manorialism (W), Fief, Homage, Vassal, Serf
-Diagram the ways nobles, knights, and peasants cooperated during the medieval period.  You must emphasize interdependence while illustrating the various rights, responsibilities, levels, and relationships that characterized medieval life. (W)
Questions on the Handout:
-According to John of Paris, what are humanity's two ends, or goals, and how is each attained?
-Why is civil government natural and necessary?
-Why is the priesthood higher in dignity than secular authority? (W)
-In what ways is secular authority greater than priestly authority? (W)

ART-II:  The Age of Faith and Medieval Art, Literature, Dance.

Read:  R11-12, F&K 327-8; R18b-23b (skim)
T/Q/A: Written Assignment:  Write a short essay (1 page, double-spaced, New Times Roman 12) on the following topic.  Make sure to have Intro/thesis, body paragraphs/evidence, and Conclusion.  No additional research is needed.
TOPIC:
How do developments in architecture, drama, and dance underscore the Medieval theocentric world view?                                                  Please, be specific in your arguments and examples!

Read:  F&K 322-8, R16b-17b
T/Q/A:  Money Economy; Guild; Scholasticism (W); Vernacular; the Plague
-How did the growth of cities affect the society of medieval Europe? (W)
-How did a money economy affect the feudal system?
-What were the benefits and disadvantages of the guild system for the society at large? (W)
-In what ways do the two excerpts from the Canterbury Tales reflect the Middle Ages and in what ways do they show a departure from the medieval style? (W)

Finish the High Middle Ages & Economic Growth.
Intro to the Research Paper and Critical Book Review.

Read:  handout "St. Thomas Aquinas", F&K 395 (Thomas Aquinas)

Read:  R14-16, F&K 404-5, 413-4 (Christian Humanism); handouts on Petrarch
T/Q/A: Humanism (W), Secularism, Christian Humanism
-Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? (W)
-What economic and social developments were a part of Renaissance life and helped to stimulate its activity?
-Discuss the factors that inspired the Renaissance. (W)
-What were the differences between the Italian and Northern European Renaissance and humanist approach? (W)

Renaissance Ideals:  Individualism.  Morals.

Read: handouts - Pico della Mirandola "Oration on the Dignity of Man", "Renaissance Man", "Renaissance Woman"
T/Q/A:  -According to Pico della Mirandola, what quality did humans alone possess?  What did its possession allow them to do?
-Compare Pico's view of the individual with that of St. Augustine (use handout on St. Augustine)? (W)
-What qualities did a Renaissance type man possess?  How were they different from the previous period? (W)
-What were the most highly praised female qualities during the Renaissance? (W)

Read:   pp. R18 (through da Vinci), handout:  excerpts from Leonardo's The Notebooks
T/Q/A:  Discuss how the skills and writings of Leonardo reveal the nature of the Renaissance. (W)

DUE:  Research Paper Topic (typed) and 5 preliminary sources (in a proper bibliographical format)

Read:   pp. R18 (from Michaelangelo)-R21
DUE:  Short Paper:  1-1.5 page, DS, typed; make sure you include an intro/thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion.  Topic:  How did a renewed understanding of the classical attitudes of the Greeks inspire Renaissance people to live fully in the “here and now?”  Give specific examples from philosophers, artists, or writers of the Renaissance.

Read:   pp. R24-26, R28-29 (until Pope Marcellus Mass), R30-31

Read: F&K 405-8, 426-9
T/Q/A:  Lorenzo de Medici
-What were the different types of government in Renaissance Italy?
-In what ways would the Renaissance popes differ from their Medieval predecessors? (W)
-In your own words describe Machiavelli's view of human nature. (W)
-According to Machiavelli, what standards should the politicians be held to? (W-Gr 1)
-Discuss the relationship between appearances and reality as interpreted by Machiavelli.  (W-Gr 2)
-What makes Machiavelli a Renaissance thinker?
-What are possible implications of Machiavelli's ideas for a democracy? (W-Gr 3)
-What is Machiavelli's view on the role of free will and fate in human actions? (W-Gr 4)
*ALL students must answer questions marked (W) and one question based on your group number assigned in class.  Reminder:  written assignments are to be done individually!

Renaissance:  The Age Of Exploration.  Motivation.

Read:  R39-43; group handouts "Democrates Secundus, or the Just Causes of War Against the Indians" and "In Defense of the Indians"
T/Q/A: Capitalism, Ferdinand Magellan, Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama
-Show how various factors stimulated exploration during the 1400-1500s? (W)
-What countries encouraged early expeditions and why?  What were the results of these voyages?
-Why do you think the Age of Exploration began during the Renaissance?  Give several possible factors. (W)
Handout Groups:
"Democrates Secundus..." (Group 1)
-Brittany, Nick, Blair, Luke, Brooke:  Qt. 1-2 (W)
-Kara, Josh, William, Francesca, Tim:  Qt. 3-4 (W)
-Skip, Kaleigh, Joe, Ashley, Hunter:  Qt. 5 and What is Sepulveda's definition of barbarian? (W)
"In Defense of the Indians" (Group 2)
-Andrew, Gar, Madeline, Lex, Kelly, Brian:  Qt. 1-2 (W)
-Bowman, Morgan, Sagar, Sarah, Max:  Qt. 3-4 (W)
-Paul, Zandra, Alyssa, Greg, Will: Qt. 5-6 (W)

Read: F&K 446-450
T/Q/A:  Commercial Revolution, Mercantilism (W), Bullion, Balance of Trade

-What were the new business methods?
-Why were joint-stock companies popular among merchants?  How do they compare to modern corporations?
-How did increased global trade after the 1400s affect the world's people? (W)
-What impact did the Commercial Revolution have on everyday life?
-How did the Commercial Revolution transform Europe's economy? (W)
-Which class of European society benefited most from the Commercial Revolution?   Explain your answer.

Read:  R44-47, handout
T/Q:  Dogma, Sale of Indulgencies, Justification by Faith, Lutheranism, 95 Theses, the Edict of Worms

-What events and people were precursors to the Reformation?
-What effect did the Renaissance, spread of capitalism, and expansion of science have on the coming of Reformation?
-Discuss the factors that helped to bring about the Protestant Reformation. (W)
-What was Martin Luther's intention in "posting" his 95 propositions on the doors of the Wittenberg Castle Church?
-What were the main ideas that formed the basis for future Lutheranism and Protestantism in general? (W)
-What role did Martin Luther play in the Peasants' Rebellion of 1524-25?
-How did Martin Luther benefit from Johannes Gutenberg's invention?
-How did Luther's protest affect European religious life?
-TBA

Read: Reader R47-50, handout
T/Q/A:   Predestination, the Act of Supremacy
-Why did Henry VIII set up the Anglican Church? (W)
-Had the Pope allow Henry to divorce Catherine, do you think Henry would still break off from the Church in Rome?  Why or why not?
-TBA

Read: F&K 422-424; handout "Decrees of the Council of Trent"
T/Q:   The Council of Trent (W), the Index of Forbidden Books, Baroque (W), Jesuits/Ignatius of Loyola, Huguenot, the Inquisition
-Why did so many Europeans support Protestantism?
-What steps did the Catholic Church take to stop the spread of Protestantism?
-Evaluate the response of the Catholic Church to the spread of the Reformation. (W)

DUE:  Your critical book review choice MUST be approved by me by this date.

Read: R22-23, R28-30

Read:   F&K 485-9
T/Q/A:  Henry VII, Gentry, Yeomen, Scotland, Balance of Power

-Why was Mary Tudor an unpopular ruler?
-Why is Elizabeth's reign considered one of England's great cultural eras?
-What was Elizabeth's marital contraversy about?  What were the consequences for England?
-What was Elizabeth's foreign policy?
-How did the rule of the Tudor monarchs affect the development of England?

Road to the English Civil War.  Opposition to the Crown.

Read:  F&K   536-538
T/Q/A: Divine Right/Absolutism, the Puritans, James I, Petition of Right, a National Covenant

-What were the two main opposition groups and to Charles I? What did they oppose?
-What leverage did the Parliament have over the King? I.e. What power did the Parliament possess?
-Why did the Scots end up invading England?

The English Civil War.

Read:   F&K  538-9; handout
T/Q/A:  Long Parliament, the Cavaliers, the Roundheads, Oliver Cromwell,
              "Nineteen propositions", Levellers, Lord Protector

-Why did Charles I reconvene the Parliament after he ignored it for 11 years in   1640?
-How did events in Ireland added to the troubles of Charles I?
-Who were the royalists? 
-What events sparks the fighting between the King and the Parliament to break out?
-What happened to Charles I after the Civil War?
-What form of government was formed after the Civil War?  Who was in charge and what was the main ruling body?
-Describe the rule of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector in England.  What did it feature?
-What caused the Parliament to restore the monarchy after Cromwell's death?

Restoration of Charles II.  The Glorious Revolution.

Read:  F&K 540-544
T/Q/A: the Restoration, the Clarendon Code, Constitutional Monarchy, the Whigs,  the Tories, Habeas Corpus, the Glorious Revolution, William III/Mary, the Bill of Rights, the Act of Settlement, the Act of Union, Robert Walpole

-Why did Parliament decide in 1688 to give the Crown to William and Mary?
-How did the power of William and Mary compare with that of Charles II?
-How had Parliament's powers expanded by the time of William and Mary?
-What individual right were gained under constitutional monarchy?
Assignment (TO DO!): Create a diagram to show the steps by which England established a constitutional monarchy (use at least 5 steps) !!!

Pre-Louis XIV France.  Begin Louis XIV.

Read:  F&K 490-1; R52-54; handout.
T/Q/A: Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richelieu, the Fronde, Versailles, Jean Baptiste Colbert, the Treaty of Utrecht, St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre,

-How did Henry IV revitalize France's economy and bring peace to France?
-How did Cardinal Richelieu strengthen France's economy and encourage the growth of French culture?
-How did Cardinal Richelieu built an absolute monarchy in France? 
-How did Richelieu reduce the power of the nobility?  Of the Huguenots?
-What is the significance of the following statement:  "L'etat, c'est moi!"
-From what social class did Louis XIV & Richelieu draw their advisers? Why?
-How did Louis XIV deal with the tax system? 
-What was Louis XIV religious policy?
-What was Louis XIV foreign policy?
-Why is Louis XIV (Bourbon) considered the Sun King?

Assignment:  Read carefully the handouts:  What religious bases does Bossuet provide for absolute monarchy?  What is the connection between having absolute royal authority and having a single uniform religion in France?  How are Boussuet's arguments similiar to and different from those of James I?
Synthesizing Question:  The 17th century was a century of Absolute Monarchy, Mercantilism, and Balances (of power, of trade, etc):  how are these forces conneced with each other?

Louis XIV.  Jean B. Colbert.   Mercantilism.

Read:  R55-57
T/Q/A: Jean B. Colbert, Mercantile System, Guilds,

-What was the state of finances when Louis XIV came to power?
-How did Colbert deal with the tax system?
-What was Colbert's chief aim in his policies?  How did he plan to achieve his aim?
-Why did Colbert establish the French East India Company?
-How did Colbert's policies brought the wealthy middle class and the king closer together?   What was the result?
-What was the purpose of building Versailles?

DUE:  Things Fall Apart, Ch. 1-6 (Quiz?)

Read:   R58-61

Read:  F&K 491-2; R62-4
T/Q/A:  the War of Spanish Succession, the Treaty (Peace) of Utrecht, the Fronde, Versailles, Jean Baptiste Colbert,

-Why did Louis decide to engage in another series of wars?
-What were the results of Louis's 30 years of warfare for him and France?
-What is the significance of the following statement:  "L'etat, c'est moi!"
-From what social class did Louis XIV & Richelieu draw their advisers? Why?
-How did Louis XIV deal with the tax system? 
-What was Louis XIV religious policy?
-What was Louis XIV foreign policy?
-Why is Louis XIV (Bourbon) considered the Sun King?

DUE:  Choice of Critical Book Review

Read:  F&K 494-6; handout (p. 564-6 until Frederick William I; 567)
T/Q/A: The Thirty Years War, Peace of Westphalia, Maria Theresa, Pragmatic Sanction, "Great Elector", the Hapsburgs, Junkers

-How did Empress Maria Theresa strengthen the central government in Austria and in her other territories?
-What means did the Hohenzollerns use to expand their territories?
-How did Frederick William centralize and increase his power?
-What was the "trade-off" between the Great Elector and the Junkers?
-Why did the Great Elector invite French Protestants into Brandenburg-Prussia? Discuss at least 2 reasons.

Read:  F&K 498-9; handout (p. 566-569 until The Entry of Russia...)
T/Q/A: Silesia, the Seven Years War/the French and Indian War, Kabinett,

-How did the many conflicts among the German states affect the European balance of power?
-What made Frederick William I a powerful leader?
-What was the significance of the War of the Austrian Succession?
-How did the role of the Prussian army differ during the rule of Frederick William I and Frederick the Great?

Read:  F&K 498-499, handout
T/Q/A: Ivan IV, Boyars, "Time of Troubles"

-

Read:   F&K 501-502 (until Catherine the Great); handout (on Peter:  pp. 37-43)
T/Q/A: St. Petersburg, Dvorianie, Serfs, Table of Ranks

-What reforms did Peter introduce to make Russia more like Western European nations?
-What did Peter mean when he said that the goal of his rule was to break a "window to the West"?  (Hint:  St. Petersburg became that "window")
-How did geography influence the foreign policy of Russian rulers?
-What were Peter's religious and administrative reforms?
-Assess the success of Peter's military machine
-What were some of Peter's cultural reforms?
-What groups of Russian society opposed Peter's reforms?  Why?
-Who helped Peter rule?
-What aspects of Peter's rule can be considered non-Western?  What aspects of power and life did Peter fail to "modernize"?  Why?

Read:  F&K 499, 501-502; handout (on Catherine:  pp. 48-55)
T/Q/A:  the Intelligentsia, the Charter to Nobility, Declaration of Armed Neutrality

1. How did the reigns of Romanov rulers Peter the Great and Catherine the Great affect the Russian nobility & the common people of the Russian Empire?
2. What changed Catherine's mind about the equality of all people?
3. What earned Catherine her title "the Great" according to the reading?
4. What was the state of serfdom under Peter?  Under Catherine the Great?
5. What did Catherine mean by claiming to be an "enlightened despot"?
6. Catherine started off with efforts to liberalize and reform Russia, but after encountering rebellion and foreign revolution, she lapsed into reaction.  What were her efforts of liberalization based on, and why did she change her mind?

DUE:  Assignment (written):  Prepare a chart comparing Catherine the Great and Elizabeth (I) of England and their achievements.

Read:   R69-71

Read:   R72-73

Resource Reading: R75-80

DUE:  Answer the following questions based on the last 3 readings:

1.  Identify each of the following terms in your own words:   chorale, cantata,
oratorio, symphony, concerto, and comic opera
2.  Describe the influence of middle class values on the development of music
3.  Interpret the quote by Haydn at the bottom of R75 in your own words.
4.  What do you believe are the most important contributions of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven to classical music?
5.  How did the historical context in which these composers worked influece their music?

drop day

DUE:  Critical Book Review

Read:   F&K 516-519, R81
DO (written) T/Q/A:  Nicolaus Copernicus, Hypothesis, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon & Rene Descartes, Scientific Method, Isaac Newton/Principia, Robert Hooke, Vesalius & William Harvey

-How did the Scientific Revolution reflect the period in which it happened?
-What was the impact of the Scientific Revolution?-Describe the scientific revolution and its effects on European church.
-the Jesuits claimed that Galileo's writings could do more damage to Catholicism "than Luther and Calvin put together."  Why do you think the Catholic Church feared Galilio so much?

Read:  F&K 521-523; R82
T/Q/A: Natural Law, Thomas Hobbes/Leviathan, John Locke/Two Treatises on Government, Pacifism, Deism, Natural Rights

-Constrast Hobbes's and Locke's views.

Read:  F&K 524-6; 529-30; handout
T/Q/A:  Philosophe, Salon/Madame de Pompadour, Denis Diderot, Baron de Montesquieu/The Spirit of Law, Voltaire/Candide, Jean-Jacques Rousseau/
The Social Contract

-How did the Enlightenment thinkers perceive the universe? What was their view influenced by?
-What role did the women play during the Enlightenment?
-How do John Locke's ideas about government compare with those of Jean-
Jacques Rousseau?
-How did many Europeans of the 1700s react to the development and spread of Enlightenment ideas and values?

Read:  F&K 529-30; handout
T/Q/A:  Answer qts. 1-4 on the handout (written)

-Why do you think some writers did not agree with Enlightenment's stress on structural world based on  reason?  Who were those authors, and what were their arguments?

Read:  Handout
T/Q/A: WRITTEN:  Is there an inherent contradiction in the term "enlightened despotism"?  Provide evidence for your view.  Answer this question in 1.5-2 page typed (double-spaced).

Guiding Questions:
-What is the definition of an enlightened despot?
-What was the reality of enlightened despotism?
-What qualities made a ruler be considered an enlightened despot?
-What made enlightened despots different from previous rulers?
-Why did these monarchs endorse the liberal principles of the Enlightenment?

Read:  pp. 558-563
T/Q/A: Estate, Tithe, Bourgeoisie, Louis VXI, the Estate-General, the Bastille, Tennis Court Oath, National Assembly, July 14

-When did events in France, which started as a protest by the people, become a revolution?  Give specific evidence to support your reasoning.
-Why did the members of the First and Second Estates decide to join the Third Estate at the royal indoor tennis court at Versailles?
-Why was 1789 (before the revolution began) considered "the best of times" for some and "the worst of time" for others?

Read:  564-6, R83-4
T/Q/A:  Unicameral Legislature, Emigre, the Constitution of 1791, Civil Constitution of the Clergy, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

-What type of government did French moderates and radicals each want?
-How did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy affect church-government relations?
-What does left and right wing mean in today's politics?  What groups in France were on the left, center, and right?

WRITTEN H/W:  On a separate sheet of paper, answer questions 1-4 on R84

Read:  pp. 567-569; handout
T/Q/A: Jacobins, Girondists, san-culottes, Battle of Valmy, Mountain

-Where were the achievements of the first French Republic?
-Why did the French Revolution lead to a war between France and its neighbors? 
-Which group held the most political power in France by the summer of 1792?  Why?

Read:  pp. 567-569; handout
T/Q/A: Jacobins, Girondists, san-culottes, Battle of Valmy, Mountain

-Where were the achievements of the first French Republic?
-Why did the French Revolution lead to a war between France and its neighbors? 
-Which group held the most political power in France by the summer of 1792?  Why?

Read: R85-87

WRITTEN H/W:
1. Marie Camargo and Marie Salle both sought costume reform. How did their reasons differ?

Be prepared to describe the work of Marie Camargo and Marie Salle!!!

Read: R88-91

WRITTEN H/W:
- How was David inspired by the past?
-Briefly discuss the relationship between the slogan of the French Revolution ("Liberty, Equality, Fraternity") and Romanticism.

Read:  pp. 570-2; handout
T/Q/A: Maximillien Robespierre, Georges-Jacques Danton, Jean-Paul Marat, the Committe of Public Safety, Constitution of 1795, the Directory,  Napoleon Bonaparte

-What conditions led to the Reign of Terror?  Why did the French revolutionaries use such violent and drastic measures?
-Describe how one revolutionary leader succeeded-or failed-in carrying out the ideals of "liberty, equality, and fraternity."
-Compare the Constitutions of 1791 and 1795.
-Summarize the conditions in France that made Napoleon's rise to power possible.

DUE (WRITTEN): Create a timeline of the French Revolution (until Napoleon's takeover) - choose 7 events and explain why they are significant enough to be in your timeline:   Make it nice and pretty!!!!

DUE:  25 notecards!

Read:  p. 573
T/Q/A: coup d'etat

-Summarize the conditions in France that made Napoleon's rise to power possible.

Read:  p. 574-6 (until The Battle of Trafalgar), R93 (written): Classify Napoleon's decisions
T/Q/A: First Consul, Plebiscite, the Napoleonic Code, Concordat of 1801, Notre Dame

-Compare Napoleon's rule after the French Revolution to Cromwell's rule after the English Civil War
-What were Napoleon's major domestic achievements?
-Why did Napoleon choose to be crowned emperor in a church and Why did he seize the crown from the Pope and place it on his own head n 1804?

Read:  handout (714-718 until "Napoleon's invasion of Russia...)
T/Q/A: the Battle of Trafalgar, the Confederation of Rhine, Treaty of Tilsit, the Grand Empire, the Continental System

-What regions made up Napoleon's realm?  What was the impact of Napoleonic rule on the regions under his direct and indirect control, positive and negative?
-What was the role of nationalism in the downfall of Napoleon?  What were its roots and consequences?
-Did Napoleon's administration show foresight or did the empire ultimately become a burden he could not afford?

Read:  handout (718); R92 (written:  answer questions 1 and 4); R97-99
T/Q/A: Borodino Battle, Alexander I, General Kutuzov, the Hundred Days, the Battle of Waterloo; know on the map:  St. Helena, Elba islands, Nationalism, Liberalism

-What did Napoleon decide to invade Russia?
-Why did Napoleon's operation fail?
-Can Napoleon be considered a "military genius"?  Why or why not?

DUE:  Things Fall Apart Quiz on Ch. 7-10

Read:   R101-104
T/Q/A:  Romanticism, Eugene Delacroix, Francisco Goya

-What themes the romantic authors were particularly interested in?  Give examples.   
-What earlier time period in history were the romantics fascinated with?  Why?
-What innovations in music can be attributed to romanticism?

Read:   R105-111
Terms: Giselle, Classical Ballet training
Assignment:  Begin working on the poem/ballet due on 01/16

Read:  R94-96
T/Q/A:  Nationalism, Tchaikovsky

-What were the political, cultural, and literary expressions of nationalism?
-How did nationalism affect music?
Written Assignment:  Based on the readings and lecture on Romanticism, write a poem in the romantic style expressing elements of nationalism or write a scenario for a modern/contemporary romantic ballet using "Giselle" as the model (Set in two acts; theme--man's dual nature--life vs. death, fantasy vs. reality, etc; love interest; one character with supernatural powers; involving an element of risk taking) or describe a scenario for a selection of proposed composition of program music. This could be a poem or original story following the models mentioned in the reading.

Read:   R112-114; pp. 580-3
T/Q/A:  the "Big Four", Talleyrand, Prince Klemens von Metternich/the "Age of Metternich", the Congress of Vienna, Holy Alliance, Quadruple Alliance, Liberalism, Nationalism, Reactionary, Carlsbad Decrees

-What was the purpose of the new alliances formed in 1815?
-Which European states gained French land in 1815 (compare maps on pp. 577 and 581)?
-Why was the Congress of Vienna made up mostly of reactionaries?  What effect did their views and policies have on the spread of liberalism and nationalism throughout Europe?
-Describe the Concert of Europe

DUE:  2nd set of notecards (25)

Read:  R115-119
T/Q/A: Carlsbad Decrees, Peterloo Massacre, Six Acts (Great Britain), the Constitutional Charter of 1814, July Ordinances  (WRITTEN-all)

-How did the "Great Powers" act when faced with revolutions in Spain, Sicilies, and Greece?  Why the responses were somewhat different?
-Discuss the factors that contributed to the success of the Belgian revolution of 1831?   Why did the "Great Powers" not intervene like they did ten years earlier?
-What were the causes of the French Revolution of 1830?  Evaluate the success of the revolution.  Be Specific!   (WRITTEN-all)

Read:  pp. 602-606; R123-124, 127
T/Q/A: Capital; names & inventions to know: James Hargreaves, Richard Arkwright, Edmund Cartwright, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Robert Fulton

-Describe the Domestic System.  Discuss advantages/disadvantages.
-Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and why?  Be Specific.  Name at least three factors.
-What was the Enclosure Movement, and how did it transform Great Britain?
-What is the relationship between the agricultural and Industrial revolutions?  Be Specific.
-Why did the Industrial Revolution begin with the textile industries?
-Describe the Factory System.  Discuss advantages/disadvantages.
-What were the roots of the Industrial Revolution?  Be Specific.

Read:  pp. 607-611
T/Q/A: industrial capitalism, division of labor, depression; names/inventions to know:  Samuel Morse, Guglielmo Marconi, Alexander Graham Bell, Michael Faraday, Thomas Edison, Rudolf Diesel

-How did new technology advance the growth of industry?
-What country was nicknames "the workshop of the world", why, and how did it try to preserve its status?
-What countries were ranked top industrial nations by 1870? (3 countries)
-Using example of Henry Ford, discuss the benefits of mass production?
-Compare and contrast the concepts of partnership and corporation.  What form of business organization is the precursor of the corporations?
-Describe a business cycle.

Industrial Revolution - Society

Read:   pp. 612-616; handout (WRITTEN: Qts. 1-5)
T/Q/A:  labor unions, collective bargaining, Combination Acts

-How did middle-class male and female roles differ?
-How did the roles of the middle-class and workers' class women differ?
-Why did conflict arise between industrialists/owners and the workers in their factories?
-What was life of a worker's child like?
-How did use of machinery in factories affect workers' work and life?
-Why did labor unions organize in the industrial period? What were their tactics?
-How did the Industrial Revolution tend to divide people into separate classes?

Read:  pp. 602-606; R123-124, 127
T/Q/A: Capital; names & inventions to know: James Hargreaves, Richard Arkwright, Edmund Cartwright, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Robert Fulton

-Describe the Domestic System.  Discuss advantages/disadvantages.
-Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and why?  Be Specific.  Name at least three factors.
-What was the Enclosure Movement, and how did it transform Great Britain?
-What is the relationship between the agricultural and Industrial revolutions?  Be Specific.
-Why did the Industrial Revolution begin with the textile industries?
-Describe the Factory System.  Discuss advantages/disadvantages.
-What were the roots of the Industrial Revolution?  Be Specific.

Read:  pp. 607-611
T/Q/A: industrial capitalism, division of labor, depression; names/inventions to know:  Samuel Morse, Guglielmo Marconi, Alexander Graham Bell, Michael Faraday, Thomas Edison, Rudolf Diesel

-How did new technology advance the growth of industry?
-What country was nicknames "the workshop of the world", why, and how did it try to preserve its status?
-What countries were ranked top industrial nations by 1870? (3 countries)
-Using example of Henry Ford, discuss the benefits of mass production?
-Compare and contrast the concepts of partnership and corporation.  What form of business organization is the precursor of the corporations?
-Describe a business cycle.

Read:  R120-122; 612-616; 648-650
T/Q/A: the Chartists (written), the Reform Act of 1832 (written), William Gladstone, Benjamin Disraeli, the Fabians, Combination Acts, labor union, collective bargaining

-What caused the 1911 Parliament Act and what were its effects?
-How were the English political parties divided over the issue of parliamentary reform?
-Describe the Cabinet System of government.  What are the advantages and disadvantages?  How does it compare to the American (federalist) system?
-How did middle-class male and female roles differ? (written)
-How did the roles of the middle-class and workers' class women differ? (written)
-Why did conflict arise between industrialists/owners and the workers in their factories?
-What was life of a worker's child like?
-How did use of machinery in factories affect workers' work and life?
-How did the Industrial Revolution tend to divide people into separate classes?

DUE:  3rd (last) Set of Notecards Due (25)

Read:   pp. 622-624
T/Q/A:  Adam Smith/laissez-faire (written), utilitarianism, David Ricardo/"iron law of wages" (written), John Stuart Mill (written)  

-What did the capitalists (at the time) believe the government's economic role to be?
-What is the underlying idea behind capitalism?
-Compare and contrast the views of the Evangelicals and Utilitarians.
-Why did industrialization make people think about the causes and cures of poverty?   Can poverty be totally eliminated?  Explain your answer.

Read:  pp. 624-625; R129-130; R125-126; handout
T/Q/A: socialism (written), Robert Owen, Karl Marx (written), Friedrich Engels, proletariat, bourgeoisie, communism (written), Das Kapital

-"Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution.  The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains.  They have a world to win.  Working men of all countries, unite!"  Comment on the quote.
-Create a diagram (chain) to show the process by which capitalism would be replaced by communism (according to Marx).
-What was the early legacy of socialism?
-List and briefly define the five basic ideas of Marxian socialism, or Marxism.

Make Sure you can compare socialism, capitalism, and communism!!!!!!!
Make Sure you understand the economic, political, and social results of the Industrial Revolution!

Read: pp. 655-659; R132-134
T/Q/A: ultraroyalists, the "citizen-king" (written), Second Republic, Louis-Napoleon (written), the Crimean War (written); the Third Republic, the Paris Commune (both written)

-How does the Revolution of 1848 compare to the Revolution of 1830?
-What were the causes of the Revolution of 1848?  Who were the main participants and what were their demands?
-Evaluate the results of the French Revolution of 1848.
-What were the causes, main events, and the consequences of the Franco-Prussian War?

Read:   pp.676-680, R135, R137-138
T/Q/A:  Risorgimento, Guiseppe Mazzini (written), Charles Albert, Victor Emmauel II (written), Count Cavour (written), Guiseppe Garibaldi (written)

-How did the papacy and the Catholic Church respond to the rise of Italian nationalism?
-What were the problems facing unified Italy?
-Construct a chronology for the Unification of Italy:  title each stage and designate what areas were added at each stage.

Test #8 (RED SECTION)

Read:  pp. 676-680, R135, R137-8
T/Q/A: Risorgimento, Guiseppe Mazzini (written), Charles Albert, Victor Emmauel II (written), Count Cavour (written), Guiseppe Garibaldi (written)

-Analyze the unification methods of Italian nationalists
-How did the papacy and the Catholic Church respond to the rise of Italian nationalism?
-What were the problems facing unified Italy?
-Construct a chronology for the Unification of Italy:  title each stage and designate what areas were added at each stage.

Italian Unification (BLUE SECTION)

Read:  pp. 678-80, R135, R137-8

-Analyze the unification METHODS of Italian nationalists

DUE:  Research Paper Introduction and THESIS! (both sections)

Read: R135-136, 138, 143; pp. 681-682
T/Q/A: Otto von Bismark (written), Four Point Plan (written), Realpolitik (written), Zollverein, "blood and iron" (written)

-Study the map of German principalities.  For what practical reason did Prussia want a unified Germany?
-What factors have already been put in place (prior to the Unification) to unify the German people? 

DUE: Things Fall Apart Quiz, Ch. 11-16

Read:  R140-142, 144-145, 146 (document), 148
T/Q/A: the Ems Telegram, Three Wars (written)

-Compare Bismark's methods for achieving the unification of Germany with Cavour's methods for bringing about the unification of Italy.
-How did the question of Schleswig-Holstein serve in the interests of Bismark?
-What was the main instrument(s) that Bismark used in achieving German unification?   Was it/they beneficial? If so, why?  If not, why not?

Read:  pp. 685-690
T/Q/A: Papal infallibility, Kulturkampf, Ferdinand Lassalle, Militarism,William II

-What might have happened if Frederick III had not died so soon after becoming kaiser of a united Germany?
-What tactics did Bismark use in his attempt to block challenges from Catholicism and the Socialist movement?
-How did Bismark treat economic, political, and cultural challenges facing the newly created country?

Read:  R137-138

-Compare the various aspects of the two unifications: causes, means, results.

Read:  R-1a, 2a-4a, 5a-top 9a (until Expressionism)
Bring Readers to class.  You will be using R29a-30a in class

Read:  R11a-12a, 20a-22a, 30a-32a

Read:  R178-182
T/Q/A: Alexander I, Nicholas I, Intelligentsia, Decembrist Revolt, "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationality", Westernizers, Slavophiles, Alexander Herzen

-Who/what was the main source of power in 19th century Russia?
-What was the demographic situation of the 19th century Russia? (population)
-What was Alexander's education?  How did it affect his political views?
-How did Alexander's political views change after the Napoleonic wars?
-What were Nicholas's domestic policies and beliefs associated with them?
-What were the consequences of the Crimean war on Russia?
-Compare and Contrast Alexander I and Nicholas I?

Read:  R184-189
T/Q/A: Alexander II/"Tsar Liberator", Emancipation of the Serfs (1861), Zemstvo, "Third Section", pogroms, Nihilism, Anarchism, Populism

-Why did Alexander II decide to emancipate the serfs?
-Emancipation of the serfs led to other reforms.  What were they?  and What was their impact on the Russian society?
-What caused the conservative reaction in Russia under Alexander III?
-What were Alexander III's policies towards the minorities?
-What was the role of women in the revolutionary movements and what caused their participation?

Read:  R14a-17a, 32a-33a

DUE:  Research Paper (in class!!!)

Read:  R178-182; R184-189
Terms:  Decembrist Revolt, "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationality", Alexander II/"Tsar Liberator", Emancipation of the Serfs (1861), pogroms

-What is the core of the debate between the Slavophiles and Westernizers?
-How did Alexander I's views change after the Napoleonic wars?
-What were Nicholas I's domestic policies?  What was the source of his beliefs in these policies?
-Why did Alexander II decide to emancipate the serfs?
-Emancipation of the serfs led to other reforms.  What were they?  and What was their impact on the Russian society?
-What caused the conservative reaction in Russia under Alexander III?
-What were Alexander III's policies towards the minorities?

Read:  R192-194
T/Q/A: Count Witte, Revolution of 1905, Social Democrats, Nicholas II, Bloody Sunday, October Manifesto, Duma

-What was Russia's economic situation in the late 19th century prior to the Industrial Revolution?
-What measure did Witte undertake to achieve his goal of Russia catching up with the West?
-What was a major difference between Russian newly emerging businessmen and British or American entrepreneurs?
-What was the role of government in the industrialization?
-What is the significance of the Revolution of 1905?

Read:  R195-204
T/Q/A: Rasputin, Provisional Government, Vladimir Lenin, "Peace, Land, Bread", "Power to the Soviets", Battleship Aurora

-What were the main causes of the March Revolution?
-What were the differences between the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks?
-What factors contributed to the rise of the Soviets?
-Briefly evaluate the actions of the Provisional Government?
-What was the role of Vladimir Lenin in the November Revolution?
-What groups of Russian society found Lenin's slogans and Marxsist propaganda most appealing?
-Why did the Bolsheviks succeed?
-Compare and Contrast the March and November Revolutions of 1917?

Read:  R204-206; pp. 789-791
T/Q/A:  Red Terror, War Communism, NEP, Joseph Stalin, Leo Trotsky, "Permanent Revolution", Five-Year Plan, Collectivization, Kulaks, Purges, Socialist Realism, Comintern

-How did the Bolsheviks consolidate their power?
-What were the opposition groups of the Soviet government?  Why did they fail during the Civil War?
-Analyze Lenin's introduction of NEP?  Was it consistent with Marxist theories?   Why/Why not?
-What might have happened if Trotsky had succeeded Lenin?
-What effects did Stalin's policies have on the Soviet people?
-What were the main features of Stalin's dictatorship?

Read:  pp. 704-706; R149-154, R161

Read:  Handout; R149-154, R161; bring Things Fall Apart to class

TOPIC:  What factors stimulated outward expansion by the European powers in the Age of Imperialism?  How did imperialism affect peoples and environment in Africa, Asia, and Latin America? (must touch on at least 2 of the 3 regions)

-formal essay        -handout on 'Writing Historical Essay'      -typed
-specific examples/evidence with references                           -structure!

In-class:  

Read:   pp. 697-8, 738-740; Handout: pp. 232-234

Read:  pp. 741-43; Handout:  pp. 236-246.

Read:  pp. 744-5 (until A Russian Disaster); Handout: pp. 246-252, 256-257 (Is It Sweet and Proper...), 259-260.

Read:   Reader:  Appendix A: R9a-10a, R13a

Read: Reader/Appendix A:  R23a-R26a, R34a-R36a

Read:  pp. 761-764; Handout:   264-270
T/Q/A: Woodrow Wilson, Fourteen Points, the Paris Peace Conference, the Treaty of Versailles, cordon sanitaire

-What major power suffered the worst combined casualties?  The least combined casualties?  Why?
-How could the Treaty of Versailles have been written to prevent another international conflict?
-Why Treat of Versailles was not successful?
-One clause of the Versailles Treaty put all the blame for causing World War I on Germany.   Do you think this was just?  Support your answer.

Read:  pp. 781-783
T/Q/A: Totalitarianism, Benito Mussolini, Fasci di Combatinmento/Fascist Party, Il Duce, Corporate State, Syndicate,

-How did Mussolini come to power in Italy?
-Why did fascism appeal to many Italians following World War I?

Read:  pp. 784-786; 828-830
T/Q/A: Adolf Hitler, the Brownshirts, "Night of the Long Knives", the Third Reich, Mein Kampf, Remilitarlization of the Rhineland, Policy of Appeasement, the Spanish Civil War, Anschluss, Neville Chamberlain, Munich Conference, the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

-Why did fascism appeal to so many Germans following World War I?
-Analyze the Nazi government.  What were its goals?
-How did Hitler become the head of government (chancellor) in 1933?

-Identify the causes of World War II.
-What were Hitler's objectives in Europe?
-Why did the Western democracies let Hitler overrun much of Europe before trying to stop him?
-What did Hitler and the Germans claim to be as the source of all of Germany's troubles?   Is their accusation justified?  Why or why not?
-Did the League of Nations fulfill its role in preserving peace and security?  Why or why not?
-Why did the European nations choose the policy of "appeasement" in dealings with Germany?  Why did many advocate appeasement (led by Chamberlain)?
-Winston Churchill opposed appeasement.  What were his objection to it?
-How did Germany proceed with obtaining Czechoslovakia?
-Why was Munich Conference seen as a failure in the eyes of many people?  Do you agree?  Why or why not?
-Prime Minister Chamberlain saw results of Munich as "peace with honor."   Comment on this view.
-What were both sides' motivations for the creation of the Nazi-Soviet Pact?

Read:   R210-216; R217-224
T/Q/A:  the Dreyfus Affair, Antisemitism, Kristallnacht, Euthanasia, Auschwitz-Birkenau, "the final solution",

-Compare and Contrast pre-modern and modern antisemitism.
-What were the six main camps set up by the Nazis?  Name four that were used solely as death camps.
-Who were the targets of Nazi persecutions and murders?

Read:  pp. 828-830, 831-836
T/Q/A: Policy of Appeasement, Blitzkrieg, Sitzkrieg/"Phony War", Winston Churchill, Charles de Galle, Dunkirk, Vichy France, Battle of Britain, Blitz, Franklin D. Roosevelt, cash-and-carry policy, lend-lease

-Identify the causes of World War II.
-Why did the European nations choose the policy of "appeasement" in dealings with Germany?  Why did many advocate appeasement (led by Chamberlain)?
-What were both sides' motivations for the creation of the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
-What countries did Germany invade in 1940?  1941?
-What was the difference between the Vichy and the Free France?
-Who won the Battle of Britain and Why?
-What mistakes did French military leaders make that led to the fall of France?

Read:   pp. 838-839, 841-843, 844-847
T/Q/A:  scorched-early policy, Siege of Leningrad, Battle for Moscow, "Asia for the Asiatics", Pearl Harbor, Stalingrad,  Erwin Rommel/"the Desert Fox", El Alamein, Invasion of Italy, Battle of Midway, kamikazes

-What was Hitler's plan known as "New Order" about?
-Why did Japan bomb Pearl Harbor?  Why did Japan wish to go to war with the US?
-Why did Stalin press the Allies to open the second front as soon as possible?  Why wasn't the second front open until 1944?
-How did Adolf Hitler's political and military decisions contribute to Nazi Germany's defeat in     a.Stalingrad   b. North Africa?
-Briefly discuss the significance of the Stalingrad battle
-Pick a battle that you believe served as a turning point in the war.  Support your choice.
-If Japan did not bomb Pearl Harbor, would the United States have entered the war?   Explain your position.

Read:  pp. 848-851
T/Q/A: D-Day, Hiroshima/Nagasaki, Nuremberg Tribunal

-Compare and contrast the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences.
-What was the role of the resistance fighters, or partisans, in World War II?
-What were the effects of World War II?
-Why was Nuremberg chosen as the site for the trials of Nazi leadership?
-What factors made World War II the most destructive war in the history of the world?
-Was the United State justified in using the atomic bomb to end the war with Japan?

Read:  pp. 864-871
T/Q/A: Superpower, Cold War, the United Nations, Harry Truman, the Iron Curtain, the sattelite, Policy of Containment, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the Berlin Blockade, the Warsaw Pact, Ideology, the Berlin Wall, NATO

-What were the three ideological blocs that developed after World War II in the world?
-What made the cold war a unique development?
-What geographic factor made the Berlin blockade possible?
-What were some of the "weapons" of the cold war?  What did the superpowers hope to accomplish with them?

Read:  pp. 872-874, 876 (Hungary), 910-911
T/Q/A:  Nikita Khrushchev, Policy of Peaceful Co-Existence, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Brezhnev Era, Detente, the Brezhnev Doctrine, Hungarian Revolt of 1956, the Domino Theory, the Vietnam War

-What were the most important aspects of de-Stalinization?
-What impact did de-Stalinization have in the satellites of Eastern Europe?
-Evaluate whether the domino theory was proven correct by events in Southeast Asia.
-Evaluate the clashes of the Cold War. 

Read:  pp. 999-1003, 1004-07
T/Q/A: Mikhail Gorbachev, Glasnost, Perestroika, Boris Yeltsin

-What changes were made by Gorbachev's reforms?
-How did communism in the Soviet Union come to an end?
-Russian President Boris Yeltsin tried to promote free enterprise reforms but had mixed results.  What economic and social problems did Russia face in the 1990s?
-Why was 1989 a significant year in the history of Eastern Europe?
-What were the challenges that Eastern European states faced after the downfall of the Communist governments?

Read:  pp. 881, 1010-13
T/Q/A: collective security, the Treaty of Maastricht

-What factors contributed to Western Europe's postwar economic recovery?
-Explain advantages and disadvantages of a 'United States of Europe'.
-Why has Great Britain not fully participated in the EU?
-List the ways in which members of the EU cooperate now OR hope to cooperate in the future.
-WRITTEN: Through the use of Internet, type up briefs (short information passage) on the current state of the European Union (how many members, main issues, etc) and any two members of the European Union (government, currency, place in the EU, military, etc).

Read:  pp. 1004-1009, 1014-17
Assignment:  fill out the handout

Read:  1014-1017
Assignment: fill out the handout

Read:   Reader - Appendix R27a-R28a; handout

-Why do environmental dangers to the planet require global solutions?
-What is the most powerful source of cultural diffusion today?  Explain your choice.
-What are the pros and cons of increasing economic interdependence on cultures?