Chapter 11 Practice Test

 

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

 

  1. Genes contain instructions for assembling B
    1. Nucleotides
    2. Proteins
    3. Chromosomes
    4. Mutations      

 

  1. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases B
    1. TCGAAC.      
    2. GATCCA.      
    3. AGCTTG.     
    4. GAUCCA.

 

  1. What is produced during transcription? B
    1. Sister chromatids
    2. RNA molecules        
    3. DNA molecules        
    4. Proteins

 

  1. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids? C
    1. 3       
    2. 6       
    3. 9       
    4. 12

 

  1. What happens during the process of translation? B
    1. Messenger RNA is made from DNA.   
    2. The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins. 
    3. Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA.  
    4. Copies of DNA molecules are made.

 

  1. Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of  B
    1. adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules. 
    2. pyrimidines in DNA is about equal to the percentage of purines.      
    3. purines in DNA is much greater than the percentage of pyrimidines. 
    4. cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine molecules.

 

  1. A cells needs to replicate its DNA  B
    1. In case the DNA gets damaged, the copy acts as a backup
    2. To pass on DNA to new cells produced by cell division
    3. So the extra copy can move to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis
    4. None of the above

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Completion – there will be a completin section on your test.

 

Short Answer:

 

1.     Describe the relationship between the following terms:

a.     Gene, Chromosome, Nucleotide

Genes are sequences of DNA found within a chromosome

b.     Phenotype, Gene, Protein

A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein which produces a particular phenotype in an individual.

 

2.     Complete the analogy by filling in the blank below.

 

An amino acid is to  protein as a nucleotide is to  ____DNA_________.

 

 

3.     Explain the purpose (or usefulness) of each of the following processes.

a.     DNA replication

- copies DNA exactly so that copies can be sent to the next generation of individuals

 

b.     Transcription

- builds an RNA molecule so that the information carried ina  gene can be transerffed to the cytoplasm where it can be used to build a protein.  Protects the DNA from damage because it does not have to leave the nucleus.

 

c.     Translation

- builds a polypeptide chain (sequence of amino acids) from the information contained in RNA.  Based on a coding pattern represented by codons (nucleotide triplets) that can be deciphered using the Triplet Code found in Figure 11-13.

 

d.     Mutation

- a change in the sequence of nucleotides ina  gene.  Can cause changes in protein structure and function that can either help or hinder the organism.

 

 

4.     Name as many similarities and differences as you can between transcription and replication. 

 

Similarities: use complementary base pairing rules and use DNA as a template. 

Differences: Replication produces DNA and uses thymine.  Transcription produces RNA and uses uracil.

 

 

  1. The letters below represent the DNA sequence for the gene “Factor VIII”.  Factor VIII encodes for a protein necessary for blood to clot. 

 

Factor VIII gene: CCT TAC GAA CGA CCC GAG CTT ATT GCG GAA

 

a.     The DNA sequence shown above should be double stranded.  Write the nucleotide sequence of the other strand in the space below.

 

GGA ATG  CTT GCA GGG CTC TAA CGC CTT

b.     Transcribe the DNA sequence  from Part A for Factor VIII gene into RNA in the space below.

 

CCU UAC GAA CGA CCC GAG CUU AUU GCG GAA

c.     Write the sequence of amino acids that will be produced by translation of the above RNA.

 

Pro – Tyr – Glu – Arg – Pro – Glu – Leu – Ile – Ala – Glu

d.      Below is the DNA sequence for Factor VIII from two students.  Notice these sequences are different from the one above (i.e. there has been a mutation).  Which student is more likely to suffer from a blood clotting disorder (hemophilia)?  Explain why you think so.  Student #2 has a mutation that has switched the CCC and CGA codons.  An AG has also been deleted causing all of the downstream nucleotides to shift up.  This mutation causes a more substantial change in the polypeptide chain than the mutation that Student #1 has suffered, where the only change is a base substitution that does not change the amino acid for that codon.

 

Student #1: CCT TAC GAA CGG CCC GAG CTT ATT GCG GAA

 

Student #2: CCT TAC GAA CCC CGA GCT TAT TGC GGA A